Do formal and informal institutions matter for firm-level strategic environmental actions? A multi-level perspective from Jordan

We developed an overarching multi-level mediation model using 199 responses from 53 companies the industrial sector in Jordan to examine (1) effect of firm-level environmental climate on relationship between formal regulatory institutions and strategic actions, (2) role that informal conveyed via political, normative, business connections plays environment-related cognitions top managers. At ‘within’ level, our results indicate managers with strong political develop negative while those normative positive cognitions. firm-level, reveal – as aggregated measure level fully mediates actions. This study demonstrates how multilevel research is used enrich understanding implications beyond Jordan.